useModalOverlay

Provides the behavior and accessibility implementation for a modal component. A modal is an overlay element which blocks interaction with elements outside it.

install	`yarn add react-aria`
version	3.32.0
usage	`import {useModalOverlay} from 'react-aria'`

View ARIA pattern

W3C

API#

useModalOverlay(
  props: AriaModalOverlayProps,
  state: OverlayTriggerState,
  ref: RefObject<HTMLElement>
): ModalOverlayAria

Features#

The HTML <dialog> element can be used to build modal overlays. However, it is not yet widely supported across browsers, and can be difficult to style and customize. useModalOverlay, helps achieve accessible modal overlays that can be styled as needed.

Accessible – Content outside the modal is hidden from assistive technologies while it is open. The modal optionally closes when interacting outside, or pressing the Escape key.
Focus management – Focus is moved into the modal on mount, and restored to the trigger element on unmount. While open, focus is contained within the modal, preventing the user from tabbing outside.
Scroll locking – Scrolling the page behind the modal is prevented while it is open, including in mobile browsers.

Note: useModalOverlay only handles the overlay itself. It should be combined with useDialog to create fully accessible modal dialogs. Other overlays such as menus may also be placed in a modal overlay.

Anatomy#

A modal overlay consists of an overlay container element, and an underlay. The overlay may contain a dialog, or another element such as a menu or listbox when used within a component such as a select or combobox. The underlay is typically a partially transparent element that covers the rest of the screen behind the overlay, and prevents the user from interacting with the elements behind it.

useModalOverlay returns props that you should spread onto the overlay and underlay elements:

Name	Type	Description
`modalProps`	`DOMAttributes`	Props for the modal element.
`underlayProps`	`DOMAttributes`	Props for the underlay element.

State is managed by the useOverlayTriggerState hook in @react-stately/overlays. The state object should be passed as an argument to useModalOverlay.

Example#

This example shows how to build a typical modal dialog, by combining useModalOverlay with useDialog. The Dialog component used in this example can also be reused within a popover or other types of overlays.

The Modal component uses an <Overlay> to render its contents in a React Portal at the end of the document body, which ensures it is not clipped by other elements. It also acts as a focus scope, containing focus within the modal and restoring it to the trigger when it unmounts. useModalOverlay handles preventing page scrolling while the modal is open, hiding content outside the modal from screen readers, and optionally closing it when the user interacts outside or presses the Escape key.

import {Overlay, useModalOverlay} from 'react-aria';

function Modal({ state, children, ...props }) {
  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { modalProps, underlayProps } = useModalOverlay(props, state, ref);

  return (
    <Overlay>
      <div
        style={{
          position: 'fixed',
          zIndex: 100,
          top: 0,
          left: 0,
          bottom: 0,
          right: 0,
          background: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)',
          display: 'flex',
          alignItems: 'center',
          justifyContent: 'center'
        }}
        {...underlayProps}
      >
        <div
          {...modalProps}
          ref={ref}
          style={{
            background: 'var(--page-background)',
            border: '1px solid gray'
          }}
        >
          {children}
        </div>
      </div>
    </Overlay>
  );
}

import {Overlay, useModalOverlay} from 'react-aria';

function Modal({ state, children, ...props }) {
  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { modalProps, underlayProps } = useModalOverlay(
    props,
    state,
    ref
  );

  return (
    <Overlay>
      <div
        style={{
          position: 'fixed',
          zIndex: 100,
          top: 0,
          left: 0,
          bottom: 0,
          right: 0,
          background: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)',
          display: 'flex',
          alignItems: 'center',
          justifyContent: 'center'
        }}
        {...underlayProps}
      >
        <div
          {...modalProps}
          ref={ref}
          style={{
            background: 'var(--page-background)',
            border: '1px solid gray'
          }}
        >
          {children}
        </div>
      </div>
    </Overlay>
  );
}

import {
  Overlay,
  useModalOverlay
} from 'react-aria';

function Modal(
  {
    state,
    children,
    ...props
  }
) {
  let ref = React.useRef(
    null
  );
  let {
    modalProps,
    underlayProps
  } = useModalOverlay(
    props,
    state,
    ref
  );

  return (
    <Overlay>
      <div
        style={{
          position:
            'fixed',
          zIndex: 100,
          top: 0,
          left: 0,
          bottom: 0,
          right: 0,
          background:
            'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)',
          display:
            'flex',
          alignItems:
            'center',
          justifyContent:
            'center'
        }}
        {...underlayProps}
      >
        <div
          {...modalProps}
          ref={ref}
          style={{
            background:
              'var(--page-background)',
            border:
              '1px solid gray'
          }}
        >
          {children}
        </div>
      </div>
    </Overlay>
  );
}

The below ModalTrigger component uses the useOverlayTrigger hook to show the modal when a button is pressed. It accepts a function as children, which is called with a callback that closes the modal. This can be used to implement a close button.

import {useOverlayTrigger} from 'react-aria';
import {useOverlayTriggerState} from 'react-stately';

// Reuse the Button from your component library. See below for details.
import {Button} from 'your-component-library';

function ModalTrigger({ label, children, ...props }) {
  let state = useOverlayTriggerState(props);
  let { triggerProps, overlayProps } = useOverlayTrigger(
    { type: 'dialog' },
    state
  );

  return (
    <>
      <Button {...triggerProps}>Open Dialog</Button>
      {state.isOpen &&
        (
          <Modal {...props} state={state}>
            {React.cloneElement(children(state.close), overlayProps)}
          </Modal>
        )}
    </>
  );
}

import {useOverlayTrigger} from 'react-aria';
import {useOverlayTriggerState} from 'react-stately';

// Reuse the Button from your component library. See below for details.
import {Button} from 'your-component-library';

function ModalTrigger({ label, children, ...props }) {
  let state = useOverlayTriggerState(props);
  let { triggerProps, overlayProps } = useOverlayTrigger({
    type: 'dialog'
  }, state);

  return (
    <>
      <Button {...triggerProps}>Open Dialog</Button>
      {state.isOpen &&
        (
          <Modal {...props} state={state}>
            {React.cloneElement(
              children(state.close),
              overlayProps
            )}
          </Modal>
        )}
    </>
  );
}

import {useOverlayTrigger} from 'react-aria';
import {useOverlayTriggerState} from 'react-stately';

// Reuse the Button from your component library. See below for details.
import {Button} from 'your-component-library';

function ModalTrigger(
  {
    label,
    children,
    ...props
  }
) {
  let state =
    useOverlayTriggerState(
      props
    );
  let {
    triggerProps,
    overlayProps
  } = useOverlayTrigger({
    type: 'dialog'
  }, state);

  return (
    <>
      <Button
        {...triggerProps}
      >
        Open Dialog
      </Button>
      {state.isOpen &&
        (
          <Modal
            {...props}
            state={state}
          >
            {React
              .cloneElement(
                children(
                  state
                    .close
                ),
                overlayProps
              )}
          </Modal>
        )}
    </>
  );
}

Now, we can render an example modal containing a dialog, with a button that closes it using the function provided by ModalTrigger.

// Reuse the Dialog from your component library. See below for details.
import {Dialog} from 'your-component-library';

<ModalTrigger label="Open Dialog">
  {close =>
    <Dialog title="Enter your name">
      <form style={{display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column'}}>
        <label htmlFor="first-name">First Name:</label>
        <input id="first-name" />
        <label htmlFor="last-name">Last Name:</label>
        <input id="last-name" />
        <Button
          onPress={close}
          style={{marginTop: 10}}>
          Submit
        </Button>
      </form>
    </Dialog>
  }
</ModalTrigger>

// Reuse the Dialog from your component library. See below for details.
import {Dialog} from 'your-component-library';

<ModalTrigger label="Open Dialog">
  {(close) => (
    <Dialog title="Enter your name">
      <form
        style={{
          display: 'flex',
          flexDirection: 'column'
        }}
      >
        <label htmlFor="first-name">First Name:</label>
        <input id="first-name" />
        <label htmlFor="last-name">Last Name:</label>
        <input id="last-name" />
        <Button
          onPress={close}
          style={{ marginTop: 10 }}
        >
          Submit
        </Button>
      </form>
    </Dialog>
  )}
</ModalTrigger>

// Reuse the Dialog from your component library. See below for details.
import {Dialog} from 'your-component-library';

<ModalTrigger label="Open Dialog">
  {(close) => (
    <Dialog title="Enter your name">
      <form
        style={{
          display:
            'flex',
          flexDirection:
            'column'
        }}
      >
        <label htmlFor="first-name">
          First Name:
        </label>
        <input id="first-name" />
        <label htmlFor="last-name">
          Last Name:
        </label>
        <input id="last-name" />
        <Button
          onPress={close}
          style={{
            marginTop:
              10
          }}
        >
          Submit
        </Button>
      </form>
    </Dialog>
  )}
</ModalTrigger>

Dialog#

The Dialog component is rendered within the ModalOverlay component. It is built using the useDialog hook, and can also be used in other overlay containers such as popovers.

Show code

import type {AriaDialogProps} from 'react-aria';
import {useDialog} from 'react-aria';

interface DialogProps extends AriaDialogProps {
  title?: React.ReactNode;
  children: React.ReactNode;
}

function Dialog({ title, children, ...props }: DialogProps) {
  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { dialogProps, titleProps } = useDialog(props, ref);

  return (
    <div {...dialogProps} ref={ref} style={{ padding: 30 }}>
      {title &&
        (
          <h3 {...titleProps} style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>
            {title}
          </h3>
        )}
      {children}
    </div>
  );
}

import type {AriaDialogProps} from 'react-aria';
import {useDialog} from 'react-aria';

interface DialogProps extends AriaDialogProps {
  title?: React.ReactNode;
  children: React.ReactNode;
}

function Dialog(
  { title, children, ...props }: DialogProps
) {
  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { dialogProps, titleProps } = useDialog(props, ref);

  return (
    <div {...dialogProps} ref={ref} style={{ padding: 30 }}>
      {title &&
        (
          <h3 {...titleProps} style={{ marginTop: 0 }}>
            {title}
          </h3>
        )}
      {children}
    </div>
  );
}

import type {AriaDialogProps} from 'react-aria';
import {useDialog} from 'react-aria';

interface DialogProps
  extends
    AriaDialogProps {
  title?:
    React.ReactNode;
  children:
    React.ReactNode;
}

function Dialog(
  {
    title,
    children,
    ...props
  }: DialogProps
) {
  let ref = React.useRef(
    null
  );
  let {
    dialogProps,
    titleProps
  } = useDialog(
    props,
    ref
  );

  return (
    <div
      {...dialogProps}
      ref={ref}
      style={{
        padding: 30
      }}
    >
      {title &&
        (
          <h3
            {...titleProps}
            style={{
              marginTop:
                0
            }}
          >
            {title}
          </h3>
        )}
      {children}
    </div>
  );
}

Button#

The Button component is used in the above example to toggle the popover. It is built using the useButton hook, and can be shared with many other components.

Show code

import {useButton} from 'react-aria';

function Button(props) {
  let ref = props.buttonRef;
  let { buttonProps } = useButton(props, ref);
  return (
    <button {...buttonProps} ref={ref} style={props.style}>
      {props.children}
    </button>
  );
}

import {useButton} from 'react-aria';

function Button(props) {
  let ref = props.buttonRef;
  let { buttonProps } = useButton(props, ref);
  return (
    <button {...buttonProps} ref={ref} style={props.style}>
      {props.children}
    </button>
  );
}

import {useButton} from 'react-aria';

function Button(props) {
  let ref =
    props.buttonRef;
  let { buttonProps } =
    useButton(
      props,
      ref
    );
  return (
    <button
      {...buttonProps}
      ref={ref}
      style={props.style}
    >
      {props.children}
    </button>
  );
}

Usage#

The following examples show how to use the Modal and ModalTrigger components created in the above example.

Dismissable#

If your modal doesn't require the user to make a confirmation, you can set isDismissable on the Modal. This allows the user to click outside to close the dialog.

<ModalTrigger isDismissable label="Open Dialog">
  {() =>
    <Dialog title="Notice">
      Click outside to close this dialog.
    </Dialog>
  }
</ModalTrigger>

<ModalTrigger isDismissable label="Open Dialog">
  {() =>
    <Dialog title="Notice">
      Click outside to close this dialog.
    </Dialog>
  }
</ModalTrigger>

<ModalTrigger
  isDismissable
  label="Open Dialog"
>
  {() => (
    <Dialog title="Notice">
      Click outside to
      close this
      dialog.
    </Dialog>
  )}
</ModalTrigger>

Keyboard dismiss disabled#

By default, modals can be closed by pressing the Escape key. This can be disabled with the isKeyboardDismissDisabled prop.

<ModalTrigger isKeyboardDismissDisabled label="Open Dialog">
  {close =>
    <Dialog title="Notice">
      <p>You must close this dialog using the button below.</p>
      <Button onPress={close}>Close</Button>
    </Dialog>
  }
</ModalTrigger>

<ModalTrigger
  isKeyboardDismissDisabled
  label="Open Dialog"
>
  {(close) => (
    <Dialog title="Notice">
      <p>
        You must close this dialog using the button below.
      </p>
      <Button onPress={close}>Close</Button>
    </Dialog>
  )}
</ModalTrigger>

<ModalTrigger
  isKeyboardDismissDisabled
  label="Open Dialog"
>
  {(close) => (
    <Dialog title="Notice">
      <p>
        You must close
        this dialog
        using the
        button below.
      </p>
      <Button
        onPress={close}
      >
        Close
      </Button>
    </Dialog>
  )}
</ModalTrigger>

Name	Type	Default	Description
`isDismissable`	`boolean`	`false`	Whether to close the modal when the user interacts outside it.
`isKeyboardDismissDisabled`	`boolean`	`false`	Whether pressing the escape key to close the modal should be disabled.

Properties

Name	Type	Description
`isOpen`	`boolean`	Whether the overlay is currently open.

Methods

Method	Description
`setOpen( (isOpen: boolean )): void`	Sets whether the overlay is open.
`open(): void`	Opens the overlay.
`close(): void`	Closes the overlay.
`toggle(): void`	Toggles the overlay's visibility.

Name	Type	Description
`modalProps`	`DOMAttributes`	Props for the modal element.
`underlayProps`	`DOMAttributes`	Props for the underlay element.

All DOM attributes supported across both HTML and SVG elements.

Extends: AriaAttributes, ReactDOMAttributes

Name	Type	Description
`id`	`string \| undefined`
`role`	`AriaRole \| undefined`
`tabIndex`	`number \| undefined`
`style`	`CSSProperties \| undefined`
`className`	`string \| undefined`

Manages state for an overlay trigger. Tracks whether the overlay is open, and provides methods to toggle this state.

useOverlayTriggerState(
  (props: OverlayTriggerProps
)): OverlayTriggerState

Name	Type	Description
`isOpen`	`boolean`	Whether the overlay is open by default (controlled).
`defaultOpen`	`boolean`	Whether the overlay is open by default (uncontrolled).
`onOpenChange`	`( (isOpen: boolean )) => void`	Handler that is called when the overlay's open state changes.

A container which renders an overlay such as a popover or modal in a portal, and provides a focus scope for the child elements.

Name	Type	Default	Description
`children`	`ReactNode`	—	The overlay to render in the portal.
`portalContainer`	`Element`	`document.body`	The container element in which the overlay portal will be placed.
`disableFocusManagement`	`boolean`	—	Disables default focus management for the overlay, including containment and restoration. This option should be used very carefully. When focus management is disabled, you must implement focus containment and restoration to ensure the overlay is keyboard accessible.
`isExiting`	`boolean`	—	Whether the overlay is currently performing an exit animation. When true, focus is allowed to move outside.

Provides the behavior and accessibility implementation for a modal component. A modal is an overlay element which blocks interaction with elements outside it.

useModalOverlay(
  props: AriaModalOverlayProps,
  state: OverlayTriggerState,
  ref: RefObject<HTMLElement>
): ModalOverlayAria

Handles the behavior and accessibility for an overlay trigger, e.g. a button that opens a popover, menu, or other overlay that is positioned relative to the trigger.

useOverlayTrigger(
  props: OverlayTriggerProps,
  state: OverlayTriggerState,
  ref?: RefObject<Element>
): OverlayTriggerAria

Name	Type	Description
`type`	`'dialog' \| 'menu' \| 'listbox' \| 'tree' \| 'grid'`	Type of overlay that is opened by the trigger.

Name	Type	Description
`triggerProps`	`AriaButtonProps`	Props for the trigger element.
`overlayProps`	`DOMProps`	Props for the overlay container element.

Name	Type	Default	Description
`isDisabled`	`boolean`	—	Whether the button is disabled.
`children`	`ReactNode`	—	The content to display in the button.
`onPress`	`( (e: PressEvent )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when the press is released over the target.
`onPressStart`	`( (e: PressEvent )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when a press interaction starts.
`onPressEnd`	`( (e: PressEvent )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when a press interaction ends, either over the target or when the pointer leaves the target.
`onPressChange`	`( (isPressed: boolean )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when the press state changes.
`onPressUp`	`( (e: PressEvent )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when a press is released over the target, regardless of whether it started on the target or not.
`autoFocus`	`boolean`	—	Whether the element should receive focus on render.
`onFocus`	`( (e: FocusEvent<Target> )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when the element receives focus.
`onBlur`	`( (e: FocusEvent<Target> )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when the element loses focus.
`onFocusChange`	`( (isFocused: boolean )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when the element's focus status changes.
`onKeyDown`	`( (e: KeyboardEvent )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when a key is pressed.
`onKeyUp`	`( (e: KeyboardEvent )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when a key is released.
`href`	`string`	—	A URL to link to if elementType="a".
`target`	`string`	—	The target window for the link.
`rel`	`string`	—	The relationship between the linked resource and the current page. See MDN.
`elementType`	`ElementType \| JSXElementConstructor<any>`	`'button'`	The HTML element or React element used to render the button, e.g. 'div', 'a', or `RouterLink`.
`aria-expanded`	`boolean \| 'true' \| 'false'`	—	Indicates whether the element, or another grouping element it controls, is currently expanded or collapsed.
`aria-haspopup`	`boolean \| 'menu' \| 'listbox' \| 'tree' \| 'grid' \| 'dialog' \| 'true' \| 'false'`	—	Indicates the availability and type of interactive popup element, such as menu or dialog, that can be triggered by an element.
`aria-controls`	`string`	—	Identifies the element (or elements) whose contents or presence are controlled by the current element.
`aria-pressed`	`boolean \| 'true' \| 'false' \| 'mixed'`	—	Indicates the current "pressed" state of toggle buttons.
`type`	`'button' \| 'submit' \| 'reset'`	`'button'`	The behavior of the button when used in an HTML form.
`excludeFromTabOrder`	`boolean`	—	Whether to exclude the element from the sequential tab order. If true, the element will not be focusable via the keyboard by tabbing. This should be avoided except in rare scenarios where an alternative means of accessing the element or its functionality via the keyboard is available.
`id`	`string`	—	The element's unique identifier. See MDN.
`aria-label`	`string`	—	Defines a string value that labels the current element.
`aria-labelledby`	`string`	—	Identifies the element (or elements) that labels the current element.
`aria-describedby`	`string`	—	Identifies the element (or elements) that describes the object.
`aria-details`	`string`	—	Identifies the element (or elements) that provide a detailed, extended description for the object.

Properties

Name	Type	Description
`type`	`'pressstart' \| 'pressend' \| 'pressup' \| 'press'`	The type of press event being fired.
`pointerType`	`PointerType`	The pointer type that triggered the press event.
`target`	`Element`	The target element of the press event.
`shiftKey`	`boolean`	Whether the shift keyboard modifier was held during the press event.
`ctrlKey`	`boolean`	Whether the ctrl keyboard modifier was held during the press event.
`metaKey`	`boolean`	Whether the meta keyboard modifier was held during the press event.
`altKey`	`boolean`	Whether the alt keyboard modifier was held during the press event.

Methods

Method	Description
`continuePropagation(): void`	By default, press events stop propagation to parent elements. In cases where a handler decides not to handle a specific event, it can call `continuePropagation()` to allow a parent to handle it.

'mouse'
  | 'pen'
  | 'touch'
  | 'keyboard'
  | 'virtual'

BaseEvent<ReactKeyboardEvent<any>>

SyntheticEvent & {stopPropagation: () => void,
continuePropagation: () => void
}